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Американский Научный Журнал ALGORITHM FOR WORKING THE SENSOR OF PANORAMIC DETECTION OBJECTIVES AND DESTRUCTION OF ENEMY ON MODULATED LASER BEAM IN 3D — SPACE “LADOGA-1M”
Abstract. The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performance and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. The purpose of the work is to develop algorithm for the
operation of the sensor for panoramic target detection and destruction of enemy in the 3D-space “LADOGA-1M” Скачать в формате PDF
American Scientific Journal № (2 8) / 2019 51
8. Grigoryan V.A., Yudin E.G., Terekhin I.I., etc.,
Protection tanks. / under editorship of V. A. Grigoryana.
Moscow: MSTU at N.E. Bauman, 2007, 327 p.
9. Spassky N., Ivanov S. Optoelectronic and laser
technique: an Encyclopedia of twenty -first century.
Volume 11, Moscow: Arms and technologies, 2005,
720 p.
10. Shcherbak N. Countering anti -aircraft gui ded
missiles with infrared guidance (modern side object). //
Electronics: Science. Technology . Business , Moscow :
Electronics , № 5, 2000. P. 52 -55.
UDC 539.122.2; UDC 681.586.5
ALGORITHM FOR WORKIN G THE SENSOR OF PANO RAMIC DETE CTION OBJECTIVES AND
DESTRU CTION OF ENEMY ON MO DULATED LASER BEAM I N 3D - SPACE “LADOGA -1M”
Grigoryev -Friedman Sergey Nikolayevich
Joint -stock company Research and production enterprise “Polyot”
Abstract . The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performa nce and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. The purpose of the work is to develop algorithm for the
operation of the sensor for panoramic target detection and destruction of enemy in th e 3D -space “LADOGA -1M”.
Аннотация . Ст атья посвящена решению актуальной задачи повышения производительности и
точности пеленга, обнаружения цели и уничтожения потенциального противника. Цель работы ―
разработка алгоритма работы датчика панорамного обнаружения цели и уничтожения противника в 3 D-
пространстве “ЛАДОГА -1М”.
Key words: algorithm, sensor; panoramic detection; destruction enemy; telescopic target coverage angle;
irradiation; modulated laser beam; optical range; radio silence mode; semiconductor laser diode; solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode; photon; electromagnetic wave; photo -sensor; phototransistor matrix; laser radiation;
wavelength; signal frequency.
Ключевые слова: датчик; панорамное обнаружение; уничтожение противника; телескопический
угол охвата цели; облучение; м одулирован ный лазерный луч; оптический диапазон; режим
радиомолчания; полупроводниковый лазерный диод; твёрдотельный лазер с накачкой лазерным диодом;
фотон; электромагнитная волна; фотодатчик; фототранзисторная матрица; лазерное излучение; длина
волны; ча стота сигн ала.
Introduction
In the technical literature [1 ―3, 7 ―12] there are
significant number of analogues containing various
types and types of laser systems for constant, round -
the -clock, all -weather tracking of satellites and special
targets of potential adv ersary both in open space and in
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, dense fog, rain,
snow, various gases, ozone and the like. All these
analogues have common drawbacks consisting in very
great complexity, bulkiness, excessive weight and
external dimen sions, incorrect operation during intense
cloud cover due to use of very powerful laser systems,
which in order to “break through” thick and optically
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, ozone and other
me dia are forced to reduce the frequency, that is , to
increase length of transverse electromagnetic wave
during induced coherent emission of photons in lasers.
Thus, exact coordinates of location, length and
frequency electromagnetic wave of laser systems fo r
guiding and holding detected target and irrad iating the
potential enemy with telescopic beam, on which
modern devices are used for direction finding, target
detection and destruction of potential enemy by
modulated laser guidance beam, are obtained.
With previous methods of laser detection, tracking
and destroying target for preventive strike against
potential enemy or aggressor, huge amount of
consumed electric energy is consumed, due to which
cost of such direction finding is order of magnitude
higher t han when using classic antenna -feeder form of
direction finding. Therefore, this type of direction
finding of target and detection of potential enemy is not
very effective and not economical.
The article develops the idea of Russian scientists
in the fie ld of applied special laser technology in
aviat ion and navy, proposed for first time in the world,
in [4 ―6]. The relevance of this idea lies in the fact that
the system of laser communication, direction finding,
detection and destruction of potential enemy has been
used in open space for relatively lon g time and
successfully, but its use in dense layers of the Earth’s
atmosphere posed significant technological difficulties,
and was also little studied theoretical basis.
Analysis and recommendations for solv ing the
problem
To aim rocket at target, an int ruder or unmanned
aerial vehicle (drone - reconnaissance), special device
is used in modern air defense and missile defense
systems ― laser target designator. Such devices
include proposed sensor for panoramic target detection
and destruction of enemy by m odulated laser guidance
beam in 3D -space “Ladoga -1M”, emitting modulated
laser beam, consisting of narrow coherent photon flux.
The principle of guiding rocket or artillery shell is very
simple: a laser beam i s directed at object, which, being
reflected fr om detected target, is captured by photo -
sensors of their self -guidance head. Modulated beam ―
“holds” rocket or projectile in right direction and
ensures accurate hit in detected target. The laser beam
is received by homing missile, which sends signal to
missile control system. For effective use of preemptive
missile, target must be illuminated by laser beam for
several seconds so that homing head of missile itself
52 American Scientific Journal № ( 28) / 2019
captures its reflection. Onc e preemptive missile is fired,
target must still be illuminated to ensure accurate hit. It
must be remembered that intended goal is most often
moving.
Fig. 1
American Scientific Journal № (2 8) / 2019 53
Fig. 2
The limited power of target illumination systems
leads to restrictions on the use of laser weapons in
ranges of up to 30 km and altitudes up to 1 0 km. The
laser designator is usually located on carrier aircraft or
on spotter aircraft. In both cases, the target aircraft is
limited in maneuver and vulnerable to air defense
systems and enemy missile defense systems. Combat
maneuvering and subsequent d ive of aircraft lead to
disruption of target capture and missed target’s
destruction system [1―3, 7―12].
The main distinguishing feature of proposed
Ladoga -1M sensor design, unlike Russian and foreign
counterparts, is the ability to successfully use
monoch romatic coherent radiation of modulated
narrow -beam laser beam at frequencies of so -called
“transparency windows” of the Earth’s atmosphere ,
where efficiency exposure to photons of target is
maximum. It is made on the basis of semiconductor
laser diode or solid -state laser pumped by laser diode
instead of conventional, flat, TEM -type
electromagnetic wave in airspace emitted by
conventional av iation or other army antenna in modern
radar systems for near and long -range enemy detection.
The closest in technica l essence and achieved
result to proposed invention is the "Device of beam
guidance of controlled object", protected by patent [7],
taken a s closest analogue (prototype). The
disadvantage of this device is technological
complexity, large mass and dimension s, relatively high
energy consumption, high cost of laser bearing
sessions, target detection and retention of enemy in
telescopic angle whe n it is irradiated with modulated
laser beam, significant difficulties when working in
conditions of intense cloudine ss, various precipitation,
smoke, dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, etc.
When creating “Ladoga -1M” sensor based on
semiconductor lase r diode or solid laser pumped by
laser diode, these disadvantages are eliminated.
In figures 1 and 2 show algorithm o f the “Ladoga -
1M” sensor. A circular laser homing missile or
projectile constantly keeps detected target in the area of
full, all -encompass ing (360°) telescopic angle and
monitors behavior of detected target. From the
“Ladoga” software package, through blo ck of analog -
to-digital converter ― digital -to-analog converter
(ADC – DAC), signal is sent to laser missile homing
head to reduce telescop ic coverage angle of detected
54 American Scientific Journal № ( 28) / 2019
target by 2 times (180°). After several divisions
(iterations) on the occasion crushing angle of coverage
identified target by exactly half, in the end get exact
coordinates of target. The total time of bearing and
target rete ntion in telescopic angle is 750 nsec.
The design of the “Ladoga -1M” sensor implies
efficient operation of at least t wo modulated laser
beams moving synchronously relative to each other,
one clockwise and other counterclockwise, which
provides efficient an d fast radio direction finding for
target detection and destruction [4―6].
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Bayborodin Yu.V. Fundamenta ls of laser
technology: Kiev: Higher school, 1988, 383 p.
2. Fedorov B.F. Lasers Basics of the device and
application. Moscow: Publishing House Voluntary
Society for Assistance to Army, Aviation and Navy,
1988. 192 p.
3. Orlov V.A. Lasers in military equipment.
Moscow: Military Publishing House, 1976, 174 p.
4. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. Intercom “Luch” in
optical range, in “radio silence” .// Machine builder /
Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center, № 3, 2016. P. 29 -
40.
5. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. The mobile
communication devic e on basis of laser diode. //
Machine builder/ Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center,
№ 4, 2017. P. 39 -48.
6. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. The mobile
communication device based on solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode. // Machine builder / Ser. Bond,
Moskow: Virage c enter, № 5, 2017. P. 26 -34.
7. Korshunov A.I., Storoschuk O.B. The
radiation guidance device managed object. The patent
from RF for invention RU: 2267733, Moskow: Federal
Institute Industrial and Intellectual Property of the
Russian Federation. Bulletin № 1. 10.01.2006.
8. Efremov A., Omelyanchuk A. Guardians of
sky. // The aerospace sector, № 3/4 (of 88/89),
December 2016, Moskow: no n-Departmental expert
Council on aerospace. P. 64 -68.
9. Olyghin S. The problems of optoelectronic
counter (for views of foreign milit ary experts). //
Foreign military review, Moscow: Red Star, № 9, 2002.
P. 35 -41.
10. Semenov A. Protection of civil aircraft from
anti -aircraft missiles. // Foreign military review,
Moscow: Red Star, № 12, 2002. P. 35.
11. Spassky N., Ivanov S. Optoelectronic and
laser technique: an Encyclopedia of twenty -first
century. Volume 11, Moscow: Arms and technologies,
2005, 720 p.
12. Shcherbak N. Countering anti -aircraft guided
missiles with infrared guidance (modern side object). //
Electronics: Science. Technology. Busines s, Moscow:
Electronics, № 5, 2000. P. 52 -55.
8. Grigoryan V.A., Yudin E.G., Terekhin I.I., etc.,
Protection tanks. / under editorship of V. A. Grigoryana.
Moscow: MSTU at N.E. Bauman, 2007, 327 p.
9. Spassky N., Ivanov S. Optoelectronic and laser
technique: an Encyclopedia of twenty -first century.
Volume 11, Moscow: Arms and technologies, 2005,
720 p.
10. Shcherbak N. Countering anti -aircraft gui ded
missiles with infrared guidance (modern side object). //
Electronics: Science. Technology . Business , Moscow :
Electronics , № 5, 2000. P. 52 -55.
UDC 539.122.2; UDC 681.586.5
ALGORITHM FOR WORKIN G THE SENSOR OF PANO RAMIC DETE CTION OBJECTIVES AND
DESTRU CTION OF ENEMY ON MO DULATED LASER BEAM I N 3D - SPACE “LADOGA -1M”
Grigoryev -Friedman Sergey Nikolayevich
Joint -stock company Research and production enterprise “Polyot”
Abstract . The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performa nce and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. The purpose of the work is to develop algorithm for the
operation of the sensor for panoramic target detection and destruction of enemy in th e 3D -space “LADOGA -1M”.
Аннотация . Ст атья посвящена решению актуальной задачи повышения производительности и
точности пеленга, обнаружения цели и уничтожения потенциального противника. Цель работы ―
разработка алгоритма работы датчика панорамного обнаружения цели и уничтожения противника в 3 D-
пространстве “ЛАДОГА -1М”.
Key words: algorithm, sensor; panoramic detection; destruction enemy; telescopic target coverage angle;
irradiation; modulated laser beam; optical range; radio silence mode; semiconductor laser diode; solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode; photon; electromagnetic wave; photo -sensor; phototransistor matrix; laser radiation;
wavelength; signal frequency.
Ключевые слова: датчик; панорамное обнаружение; уничтожение противника; телескопический
угол охвата цели; облучение; м одулирован ный лазерный луч; оптический диапазон; режим
радиомолчания; полупроводниковый лазерный диод; твёрдотельный лазер с накачкой лазерным диодом;
фотон; электромагнитная волна; фотодатчик; фототранзисторная матрица; лазерное излучение; длина
волны; ча стота сигн ала.
Introduction
In the technical literature [1 ―3, 7 ―12] there are
significant number of analogues containing various
types and types of laser systems for constant, round -
the -clock, all -weather tracking of satellites and special
targets of potential adv ersary both in open space and in
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, dense fog, rain,
snow, various gases, ozone and the like. All these
analogues have common drawbacks consisting in very
great complexity, bulkiness, excessive weight and
external dimen sions, incorrect operation during intense
cloud cover due to use of very powerful laser systems,
which in order to “break through” thick and optically
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, ozone and other
me dia are forced to reduce the frequency, that is , to
increase length of transverse electromagnetic wave
during induced coherent emission of photons in lasers.
Thus, exact coordinates of location, length and
frequency electromagnetic wave of laser systems fo r
guiding and holding detected target and irrad iating the
potential enemy with telescopic beam, on which
modern devices are used for direction finding, target
detection and destruction of potential enemy by
modulated laser guidance beam, are obtained.
With previous methods of laser detection, tracking
and destroying target for preventive strike against
potential enemy or aggressor, huge amount of
consumed electric energy is consumed, due to which
cost of such direction finding is order of magnitude
higher t han when using classic antenna -feeder form of
direction finding. Therefore, this type of direction
finding of target and detection of potential enemy is not
very effective and not economical.
The article develops the idea of Russian scientists
in the fie ld of applied special laser technology in
aviat ion and navy, proposed for first time in the world,
in [4 ―6]. The relevance of this idea lies in the fact that
the system of laser communication, direction finding,
detection and destruction of potential enemy has been
used in open space for relatively lon g time and
successfully, but its use in dense layers of the Earth’s
atmosphere posed significant technological difficulties,
and was also little studied theoretical basis.
Analysis and recommendations for solv ing the
problem
To aim rocket at target, an int ruder or unmanned
aerial vehicle (drone - reconnaissance), special device
is used in modern air defense and missile defense
systems ― laser target designator. Such devices
include proposed sensor for panoramic target detection
and destruction of enemy by m odulated laser guidance
beam in 3D -space “Ladoga -1M”, emitting modulated
laser beam, consisting of narrow coherent photon flux.
The principle of guiding rocket or artillery shell is very
simple: a laser beam i s directed at object, which, being
reflected fr om detected target, is captured by photo -
sensors of their self -guidance head. Modulated beam ―
“holds” rocket or projectile in right direction and
ensures accurate hit in detected target. The laser beam
is received by homing missile, which sends signal to
missile control system. For effective use of preemptive
missile, target must be illuminated by laser beam for
several seconds so that homing head of missile itself
52 American Scientific Journal № ( 28) / 2019
captures its reflection. Onc e preemptive missile is fired,
target must still be illuminated to ensure accurate hit. It
must be remembered that intended goal is most often
moving.
Fig. 1
American Scientific Journal № (2 8) / 2019 53
Fig. 2
The limited power of target illumination systems
leads to restrictions on the use of laser weapons in
ranges of up to 30 km and altitudes up to 1 0 km. The
laser designator is usually located on carrier aircraft or
on spotter aircraft. In both cases, the target aircraft is
limited in maneuver and vulnerable to air defense
systems and enemy missile defense systems. Combat
maneuvering and subsequent d ive of aircraft lead to
disruption of target capture and missed target’s
destruction system [1―3, 7―12].
The main distinguishing feature of proposed
Ladoga -1M sensor design, unlike Russian and foreign
counterparts, is the ability to successfully use
monoch romatic coherent radiation of modulated
narrow -beam laser beam at frequencies of so -called
“transparency windows” of the Earth’s atmosphere ,
where efficiency exposure to photons of target is
maximum. It is made on the basis of semiconductor
laser diode or solid -state laser pumped by laser diode
instead of conventional, flat, TEM -type
electromagnetic wave in airspace emitted by
conventional av iation or other army antenna in modern
radar systems for near and long -range enemy detection.
The closest in technica l essence and achieved
result to proposed invention is the "Device of beam
guidance of controlled object", protected by patent [7],
taken a s closest analogue (prototype). The
disadvantage of this device is technological
complexity, large mass and dimension s, relatively high
energy consumption, high cost of laser bearing
sessions, target detection and retention of enemy in
telescopic angle whe n it is irradiated with modulated
laser beam, significant difficulties when working in
conditions of intense cloudine ss, various precipitation,
smoke, dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, etc.
When creating “Ladoga -1M” sensor based on
semiconductor lase r diode or solid laser pumped by
laser diode, these disadvantages are eliminated.
In figures 1 and 2 show algorithm o f the “Ladoga -
1M” sensor. A circular laser homing missile or
projectile constantly keeps detected target in the area of
full, all -encompass ing (360°) telescopic angle and
monitors behavior of detected target. From the
“Ladoga” software package, through blo ck of analog -
to-digital converter ― digital -to-analog converter
(ADC – DAC), signal is sent to laser missile homing
head to reduce telescop ic coverage angle of detected
54 American Scientific Journal № ( 28) / 2019
target by 2 times (180°). After several divisions
(iterations) on the occasion crushing angle of coverage
identified target by exactly half, in the end get exact
coordinates of target. The total time of bearing and
target rete ntion in telescopic angle is 750 nsec.
The design of the “Ladoga -1M” sensor implies
efficient operation of at least t wo modulated laser
beams moving synchronously relative to each other,
one clockwise and other counterclockwise, which
provides efficient an d fast radio direction finding for
target detection and destruction [4―6].
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Bayborodin Yu.V. Fundamenta ls of laser
technology: Kiev: Higher school, 1988, 383 p.
2. Fedorov B.F. Lasers Basics of the device and
application. Moscow: Publishing House Voluntary
Society for Assistance to Army, Aviation and Navy,
1988. 192 p.
3. Orlov V.A. Lasers in military equipment.
Moscow: Military Publishing House, 1976, 174 p.
4. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. Intercom “Luch” in
optical range, in “radio silence” .// Machine builder /
Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center, № 3, 2016. P. 29 -
40.
5. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. The mobile
communication devic e on basis of laser diode. //
Machine builder/ Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center,
№ 4, 2017. P. 39 -48.
6. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. The mobile
communication device based on solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode. // Machine builder / Ser. Bond,
Moskow: Virage c enter, № 5, 2017. P. 26 -34.
7. Korshunov A.I., Storoschuk O.B. The
radiation guidance device managed object. The patent
from RF for invention RU: 2267733, Moskow: Federal
Institute Industrial and Intellectual Property of the
Russian Federation. Bulletin № 1. 10.01.2006.
8. Efremov A., Omelyanchuk A. Guardians of
sky. // The aerospace sector, № 3/4 (of 88/89),
December 2016, Moskow: no n-Departmental expert
Council on aerospace. P. 64 -68.
9. Olyghin S. The problems of optoelectronic
counter (for views of foreign milit ary experts). //
Foreign military review, Moscow: Red Star, № 9, 2002.
P. 35 -41.
10. Semenov A. Protection of civil aircraft from
anti -aircraft missiles. // Foreign military review,
Moscow: Red Star, № 12, 2002. P. 35.
11. Spassky N., Ivanov S. Optoelectronic and
laser technique: an Encyclopedia of twenty -first
century. Volume 11, Moscow: Arms and technologies,
2005, 720 p.
12. Shcherbak N. Countering anti -aircraft guided
missiles with infrared guidance (modern side object). //
Electronics: Science. Technology. Busines s, Moscow:
Electronics, № 5, 2000. P. 52 -55.