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Американский Научный Журнал PANORAMIC SENSOR TARGET DETECTION AND DESTRUCTION OF ENEMY ON MODULATED LASER BEAM IN 3D-SPACE “LADOGA-1M”
Abstract. The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performance and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. Objective: to develop technologically simple and
reliable optical-laser method of direction finding, target detection and destruction of enemy by modulated laser
beam of guidance in 3D-space by crews of armored vehicles, aircraft, helicopters, surface ships and submarines in
radio silence mode using semiconductor laser diode or solid-state laser pumped by laser diode. Скачать в формате PDF
48 American Scientific Journal № ( 28) / 2019
|(�,)|
f, кГц
Fig. 4. The loss f unction W1 versus frequencies f on distance 500 km between receiver and transmitter when
spreading: 1) on sea surface (ε = 80,σ = 4 mho/m) (the solid line) according to formula (4); 2) on sea surface (ε =
80,σ = 4 mho/m) (the dotted line) according to form ula (14).
The formula (14) generalises the approach to
estimation of the losses on different радиотрассах that
vastly raises accuracy a calculation. She shows that on
low frequency function losses W1 gives values c lose to
average statistical. The Formula (4) provides sufficient
accuracy of the determination to functions of the losses
when spreading радиоволн on terrestrial surface,
possessing low conductivity. For instance, is confirmed
reduction to functions of the losses W when spreading
radio signal on woodland. The known formula of
Austin [1] exact for routes by length 2000 … 10000 km.
Formula (14) allows more exactly define the level an
радиосигнала when spreading on terrestrial layer for
for small distances (10 0 km and more) in contrast with
Austin f ormula.
REFERENCES
1. Chernov Yu. A. Radiowaves spreading and
applied questions. ‒ M.: Tehnosfera, 2017, 688 p.
2. Kashprovskiy V. A., Kuzubov F. A. Spreading
middle radiowaves by terrestrial ray. ‒ M.:
Communicatio n, 1971, 220 p.
3. Koshkin N. I., Shirke vich M. G. The Guide to
elementary physicist. ‒ M.: Science, 1980, 115 p.
4. Damaskin B. B., Petriy O. A. Introduction to
electrochemical kinetics. ‒ M.: High school, 1983, 400
p.
UDC 539.122.2; UDC 681.586.5
PANORAMIC SENSOR TAR GET DETECTION AND DE STRUC TION OF ENEMY ON
MODULATED LASER BEAM IN 3D -SPACE “LADOGA -1M”
Grigoryev -Friedman Sergey Nikolayevich
Joint -stock company Research and production enterprise “Polyot”
Abstract . The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performance and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. Objective: to develop technologically simple and
reliable optical -laser method of direction f inding, target detection and destruction of enemy by modulated laser
beam of guidance in 3D -space by crews of armored vehicles, aircraft, helicopters, surface ships and submarines in
radio silence mode using semiconductor laser diode or solid -state laser p umped by laser diode.
Аннотация . Статья посвящена решению актуальной задачи повышения про изводительности и
точности пеленга, обнаружения цели и уничтожения потенциального противника. Цель работы ―
разработка технологически простого и надёжного оптически -лазерного способа пеленгации, обнаружения
цели и уничтожения противника по модулированному лазерному лучу наведения в 3 D-пространстве
экипажами бронетехники, самолётов, вертолётов, надводных кораб лей и подводных лодок в режиме
радиомолчания с применением полупроводникового лазерного диода или твёрдотельного лазера с
накачкой лазерным диодом .
Ke y words: sensor; panoramic detection; destruction of the enemy; telescopic target coverage angle;
irradia tion; modulated laser beam; optical range; radio silence mode; semiconductor laser diode; solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode; photon; electromagne tic wave; photo -sensor; phototransistor matrix; laser radiation;
wavelength; signal frequency.
Ключевые с лова: датчик; панорамное обнаружение; уничтожение противника; телескопический
угол охвата цели; облучение; модулированный лазерный луч; оптический диап азон; режим
радиомолчания; полупроводниковый лазерный диод; твёрдотельный лазер с накачкой лазерным диодо м;
фотон; электромагнитная волна; фотодатчик; фототранзисторная матрица; лазерное излучение; длина
волны; частота сигнала.
American Scientific Journal № (2 8) / 2019 49
The design of panoramic sen sor target detection
and destruction of enemy modulated, laser beam
pointing in 3D -space “Ladoga -1M”, according to Fig.
1 contains at least pair of semiconductor laser diodes or
solid state lasers pumped by two laser diodes, powered
from positive terminal of voltage regulator 12 and
uninterruptible power supply unit 13 to anode, and its
cathode connected by direct wire, through chain drain -
source of field effect transistor as switching device -key
VT1, with two variables, adjustment resistors for
potentiomet er RP1 and RP2 14 15 or permanent, wire
resistors, to limit the limit values of pow er switching
devices ― two field -effect transistors VT1 and VT2 at
current. Each of two (or more!) laser panoramas 6 and
7, inside, has its own, separate switching device is the
key Q1 or Q2. As objective 1 was selected, for example,
aircraft of potential enemy. The video rays 2, the visible
sub -range (380…760 nm) or the IR -range of
electromagnetic waves reflected from target (potential
adversary) are captured and focused by external,
movable lens of adjustable collimator 3 – 4 – 5 in
receiving optical syst em of the sensor. The sensor
according to Fig. 1, consists of following elements and
units: 3 ― external, moveable, optical lens collimator
in adjustable optical monocular; 4 ― basic, stationary
(fixed), optical lens adjustable collimator; 5 ― internal,
mo vable, optical lens collimator in adjustable optical
monocular; 6 ― first, positive, laser panorama,
working on reception and transmission of laser beam in
near and partiall y on average, edge sub -bands, IR -band
of electromagnetic waves, clockwise, for exam ple, at
wavelength λ = 820 nm; 7 second, negative laser
panorama, working on reception and transmission of
laser beam in near and partially on average, edge sub -
bands, IR -band of electromagnetic waves,
counterclockwise, for example, at wavelength λ = 955
nm; 8 ― falling, laser beam coming from first laser
discovered (seen) targets; 9 ― laser beam reflected
from target and received by photo sensor (on basis of
photodiode, or c omposite, three -stage phototransistor);
10 ― incident laser beam, coming from secon d laser to
target; 11 ― laser beam reflected from target and
received by photo -sensor (photodiode or
phototransistor); 12 ― block DC (rectified) voltage
Uout._~ = 24 V; 13 ― block DC -regulator; 14 ― variable
adjusting resistor -based potentiometer RP1, for
restriction limit values of supply current to first,
positive, laser panorama 6; 15 ― variable adjusting
resistor to the base of potentiometer RP2 to limit the
limit values of supply current to second, negative, laser
panorama 7; 16 ― rectifier unit; 17 ― side chain (e.g.,
aircraft) of voltage U = 27 V; 18 ― increase button
panoramic image of goal and opponent by increasing
focal distance between collimator and sensor; 19 ―
decrease button panoramic image of target and enemy
by reducing focal length between collimator and
sensor; 20 ― computer (PC); 21 ― block of the ADC
– DAC; 22 ― monitor (screen). Diagram and working
principle of the sensor “LADOGA -1” shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Between movable optical lenses 3 and 5 in an
adjustable collimator, computer 20 with monitor 22,
through the ADC - DAC 21, there is constantly acting
feedback (OS), for quick and efficient adjustment of
laser beam alignment process to intended tar get and
holding potential adversary in zone of optimal coverage
of telescopic direction -finding angle [2 –4].
Circular -circular head of guidance and retention of
target (for example, aircraft -plane of potential
adversary -enemy) in zone of telescopic angle d etection
50 American Scientific Journal № ( 28) / 2019
and tracking of behavior detected targets for the
semiconductor, laser diode, laser diode based on double
hetero -structure of gallium arsenide GaAs and
aluminium gallium arsenide GaAlAs or solid -state laser
pumped by powerful led or semiconductor laser dio de.
Laser homing head, detection and tracking of target is
technologically made in form of multi -layers by laser
irradiation of coherent, highly directional photon flux.
The laser beam № 1, for example, synchronously
moving in circle, radial, cloc kwise, fr om sensor to
detected target and back to the photo -detector matrix of
the sensor itself, at wavelength equal to λ 1 ≈ 820 nm.
The laser beam № 2, for example, also simultaneously
moves in circle radially, counter -clockwise from the
sensor to detect ed target and back to photo -detector
matrix of sensor itself, at wavelength equal to λ 2 ≈ 955
nm. The next stage is irradiated with laser seeker target
synchronously moving radially, clockwise or
counterclockwise, with wavelengths of λ 3 ≈
1250...1300 nm, λ 4 ≈ 1550 nm, and λ 5 ≈ 2100...2150
nm, respectively, etc. All operating frequencies and
wavelengths are selected from middle sub -bands and,
in rare case of boundary layer with λ 6 ≈ 3500...3885 nm,
middle sub -band of infrared -range electromagnetic
waves, whe re experi mentally observed maximum value
of transmission power modulated signal in telescopic
thicker laser beam [1 -10].
The sensor technologically includes dual, coupled
system of two monoculars with increase or decrease in
image of target or other object in optic al system of
adjustable collimator, for example, from 2 × to 100 ×
(2 × ≤ δ ≤ 100 ×), as well as block 50…60 Megapixel
Digital HD camcorders of the Digital Camera type and
with high level of resolution at least 3000 × 3000 pixel
[1―4].
The sensor’ s micro -panorama and convex,
volumetric monitor were made on the basis of small
copy of panorama visualization and fixation of enemy
detection and other targets, from the upgraded RLS -
300, RLS -500 and RLS -1500, successfully used in the
airborne forces, air defense forces and missile defense
systems of the Russia [ 5―10].
The optical stabilizer block for precise guidance
and horizontal -vertical position in space is made on the
basis of gyroscopic technology [2―4].
Between computer 20 and the ADC -DAC unit 21,
an OS was performed for analysis and amplitude -
frequency correction of output control pulses, which
allows the software to quickly adjust clock frequency
of control pulses coming from the ADC -DAC 21 unit
to switching gates -operating devices - keys VT1 an d /
or VT2 located inside each of first, positive and second,
negative laser panoramas 6 and 7 [2―4].
The proposed sensor operates as follows. A
session of radio direction finding of target and detection
of potential enemy is carried out under conditions o f
only direct, electromagnetic visibility, in invisible part
of spectrum transverse electromagnetic waves (most
often in infrared -range). With rare exceptions, the
ultraviolet (UV) range is possible, which is not
applicable in ozone layer of the Earth’s at mospher e,
due to strong absorption of waves by ozone medium.
The information signal is encoded by program in the
“Ladoga -1M” radio silence software package,
organizationally assembled from computer 20 and
monitor 22, by special military encryption encoder and
tra nsmitted to input, three -stage low -frequency
amplifier unit (located inside laser panoramas 6 and 7),
in which input, pre -amplifier of video signals, as well
as block of special color image encoder may also be
available. Further, radio signal from p re-inpu t bass
amplifier unit is finally transmitted to terminal, push -
pull power amplifier unit (The block is power amplifier
of the radio signal. AP -unit is also located inside the
laser panoramas 6 and 7!), where it is amplified as an
analog signal to it s maxim um nominal value multi -
channel block ADC -DAC 21, for converting latter into
digital format, necessary for generating control pulses
and their subsequent transmission to control electrode -
gates of switching devices - keys VT1 and VT2 [2 -4].
The ADC -DAC 21 unit is multichannel converter
(translator) of incoming signals from analog format to
digital and vice versa, followed by transmission to
computer 20, where input data processing programs in
digital format, Ladoga software, analyze comparison
and a mplitud e-frequency correction of control pulses
for subsequent transmission of necessary commands to
third channel (Fig. 1) [2 –4].
The analog signal comes from optical sensor of
adjustable collimator 3―4―5 to homing and target
holding unit via modulated, t elescop ic, laser beam in
infrared -range of electromagnetic waves and at same
time receives commands from an external detection and
targeting system, correction using control pulses,
coming from block of the ADC -DAC 21 [2―4].
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Storoschuk O.B., Korshunov A.I. The radiation
guidance device managed object. The patent from RF
for invention RU: 2267733, Moskow: Federal Institute
Industrial and Intellectual Property of the Russian
Federation. 10.01.2006.
2. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. Intercom “Luc h” in
optical range, in “radio silence”.// Machine builder /
Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center, № 3, 2016. P. 29 -
40.
3. Grigoriev -Friedman S. N. The mobile
communication device on basis of laser diode. //
Machine builder/ Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center,
№ 4, 2017. P. 39 -48.
4. Grigoriev -Friedman S. N. The mobile
communication device based on solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode. // Machine builder / Ser. Bond,
Moskow: Virage center, № 5, 2017. P. 26 -34.
5. Efremov A., Omelyanchuk A. Guardians of sky.
// Th e aerospace sector, № 3/4 (of 88/89), December
2016, Moskow: non -Departmental expert Council on
aerospace. P. 64 -68.
5. Olyghin S. The problems of optoelectronic
counter (for views of foreign military experts). //
Foreign military review, Moscow: Red St ar, № 9, 2002.
P. 35 -41.
7. Semenov A. Protection of civil aircraft from
anti -aircraft missiles. // Foreign military review,
Moscow: Red Star, № 12, 2002. P. 35.
American Scientific Journal № (2 8) / 2019 51
8. Grigoryan V.A., Yudin E.G., Terekhin I.I., etc.,
Protection tanks. / under editorship of V. A. Grigoryana.
Moscow: MSTU at N.E. Bauman, 2007, 327 p.
9. Spassky N., Ivanov S. Optoelectronic and laser
technique: an Encyclopedia of twenty -first century.
Volume 11, Moscow: Arms and technologies, 2005,
720 p.
10. Shcherbak N. Countering anti -aircraft gui ded
missiles with infrared guidance (modern side object). //
Electronics: Science. Technology . Business , Moscow :
Electronics , № 5, 2000. P. 52 -55.
UDC 539.122.2; UDC 681.586.5
ALGORITHM FOR WORKIN G THE SENSOR OF PANO RAMIC DETE CTION OBJECTIVES AND
DESTRU CTION OF ENEMY ON MO DULATED LASER BEAM I N 3D - SPACE “LADOGA -1M”
Grigoryev -Friedman Sergey Nikolayevich
Joint -stock company Research and production enterprise “Polyot”
Abstract . The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performa nce and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. The purpose of the work is to develop algorithm for the
operation of the sensor for panoramic target detection and destruction of enemy in th e 3D -space “LADOGA -1M”.
Аннотация . Ст атья посвящена решению актуальной задачи повышения производительности и
точности пеленга, обнаружения цели и уничтожения потенциального противника. Цель работы ―
разработка алгоритма работы датчика панорамного обнаружения цели и уничтожения противника в 3 D-
пространстве “ЛАДОГА -1М”.
Key words: algorithm, sensor; panoramic detection; destruction enemy; telescopic target coverage angle;
irradiation; modulated laser beam; optical range; radio silence mode; semiconductor laser diode; solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode; photon; electromagnetic wave; photo -sensor; phototransistor matrix; laser radiation;
wavelength; signal frequency.
Ключевые слова: датчик; панорамное обнаружение; уничтожение противника; телескопический
угол охвата цели; облучение; м одулирован ный лазерный луч; оптический диапазон; режим
радиомолчания; полупроводниковый лазерный диод; твёрдотельный лазер с накачкой лазерным диодом;
фотон; электромагнитная волна; фотодатчик; фототранзисторная матрица; лазерное излучение; длина
волны; ча стота сигн ала.
Introduction
In the technical literature [1 ―3, 7 ―12] there are
significant number of analogues containing various
types and types of laser systems for constant, round -
the -clock, all -weather tracking of satellites and special
targets of potential adv ersary both in open space and in
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, dense fog, rain,
snow, various gases, ozone and the like. All these
analogues have common drawbacks consisting in very
great complexity, bulkiness, excessive weight and
external dimen sions, incorrect operation during intense
cloud cover due to use of very powerful laser systems,
which in order to “break through” thick and optically
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, ozone and other
me dia are forced to reduce the frequency, that is , to
increase length of transverse electromagnetic wave
during induced coherent emission of photons in lasers.
Thus, exact coordinates of location, length and
frequency electromagnetic wave of laser systems fo r
guiding and holding detected target and irrad iating the
potential enemy with telescopic beam, on which
modern devices are used for direction finding, target
detection and destruction of potential enemy by
modulated laser guidance beam, are obtained.
With previous methods of laser detection, tracking
and destroying target for preventive strike against
potential enemy or aggressor, huge amount of
consumed electric energy is consumed, due to which
cost of such direction finding is order of magnitude
higher t han when using classic antenna -feeder form of
direction finding. Therefore, this type of direction
finding of target and detection of potential enemy is not
very effective and not economical.
The article develops the idea of Russian scientists
in the fie ld of applied special laser technology in
aviat ion and navy, proposed for first time in the world,
in [4 ―6]. The relevance of this idea lies in the fact that
the system of laser communication, direction finding,
detection and destruction of potential enemy has been
used in open space for relatively lon g time and
successfully, but its use in dense layers of the Earth’s
atmosphere posed significant technological difficulties,
and was also little studied theoretical basis.
Analysis and recommendations for solv ing the
problem
To aim rocket at target, an int ruder or unmanned
aerial vehicle (drone - reconnaissance), special device
is used in modern air defense and missile defense
systems ― laser target designator. Such devices
include proposed sensor for panoramic target detection
and destruction of enemy by m odulated laser guidance
beam in 3D -space “Ladoga -1M”, emitting modulated
laser beam, consisting of narrow coherent photon flux.
The principle of guiding rocket or artillery shell is very
simple: a laser beam i s directed at object, which, being
reflected fr om detected target, is captured by photo -
sensors of their self -guidance head. Modulated beam ―
“holds” rocket or projectile in right direction and
ensures accurate hit in detected target. The laser beam
is received by homing missile, which sends signal to
missile control system. For effective use of preemptive
missile, target must be illuminated by laser beam for
several seconds so that homing head of missile itself
|(�,)|
f, кГц
Fig. 4. The loss f unction W1 versus frequencies f on distance 500 km between receiver and transmitter when
spreading: 1) on sea surface (ε = 80,σ = 4 mho/m) (the solid line) according to formula (4); 2) on sea surface (ε =
80,σ = 4 mho/m) (the dotted line) according to form ula (14).
The formula (14) generalises the approach to
estimation of the losses on different радиотрассах that
vastly raises accuracy a calculation. She shows that on
low frequency function losses W1 gives values c lose to
average statistical. The Formula (4) provides sufficient
accuracy of the determination to functions of the losses
when spreading радиоволн on terrestrial surface,
possessing low conductivity. For instance, is confirmed
reduction to functions of the losses W when spreading
radio signal on woodland. The known formula of
Austin [1] exact for routes by length 2000 … 10000 km.
Formula (14) allows more exactly define the level an
радиосигнала when spreading on terrestrial layer for
for small distances (10 0 km and more) in contrast with
Austin f ormula.
REFERENCES
1. Chernov Yu. A. Radiowaves spreading and
applied questions. ‒ M.: Tehnosfera, 2017, 688 p.
2. Kashprovskiy V. A., Kuzubov F. A. Spreading
middle radiowaves by terrestrial ray. ‒ M.:
Communicatio n, 1971, 220 p.
3. Koshkin N. I., Shirke vich M. G. The Guide to
elementary physicist. ‒ M.: Science, 1980, 115 p.
4. Damaskin B. B., Petriy O. A. Introduction to
electrochemical kinetics. ‒ M.: High school, 1983, 400
p.
UDC 539.122.2; UDC 681.586.5
PANORAMIC SENSOR TAR GET DETECTION AND DE STRUC TION OF ENEMY ON
MODULATED LASER BEAM IN 3D -SPACE “LADOGA -1M”
Grigoryev -Friedman Sergey Nikolayevich
Joint -stock company Research and production enterprise “Polyot”
Abstract . The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performance and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. Objective: to develop technologically simple and
reliable optical -laser method of direction f inding, target detection and destruction of enemy by modulated laser
beam of guidance in 3D -space by crews of armored vehicles, aircraft, helicopters, surface ships and submarines in
radio silence mode using semiconductor laser diode or solid -state laser p umped by laser diode.
Аннотация . Статья посвящена решению актуальной задачи повышения про изводительности и
точности пеленга, обнаружения цели и уничтожения потенциального противника. Цель работы ―
разработка технологически простого и надёжного оптически -лазерного способа пеленгации, обнаружения
цели и уничтожения противника по модулированному лазерному лучу наведения в 3 D-пространстве
экипажами бронетехники, самолётов, вертолётов, надводных кораб лей и подводных лодок в режиме
радиомолчания с применением полупроводникового лазерного диода или твёрдотельного лазера с
накачкой лазерным диодом .
Ke y words: sensor; panoramic detection; destruction of the enemy; telescopic target coverage angle;
irradia tion; modulated laser beam; optical range; radio silence mode; semiconductor laser diode; solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode; photon; electromagne tic wave; photo -sensor; phototransistor matrix; laser radiation;
wavelength; signal frequency.
Ключевые с лова: датчик; панорамное обнаружение; уничтожение противника; телескопический
угол охвата цели; облучение; модулированный лазерный луч; оптический диап азон; режим
радиомолчания; полупроводниковый лазерный диод; твёрдотельный лазер с накачкой лазерным диодо м;
фотон; электромагнитная волна; фотодатчик; фототранзисторная матрица; лазерное излучение; длина
волны; частота сигнала.
American Scientific Journal № (2 8) / 2019 49
The design of panoramic sen sor target detection
and destruction of enemy modulated, laser beam
pointing in 3D -space “Ladoga -1M”, according to Fig.
1 contains at least pair of semiconductor laser diodes or
solid state lasers pumped by two laser diodes, powered
from positive terminal of voltage regulator 12 and
uninterruptible power supply unit 13 to anode, and its
cathode connected by direct wire, through chain drain -
source of field effect transistor as switching device -key
VT1, with two variables, adjustment resistors for
potentiomet er RP1 and RP2 14 15 or permanent, wire
resistors, to limit the limit values of pow er switching
devices ― two field -effect transistors VT1 and VT2 at
current. Each of two (or more!) laser panoramas 6 and
7, inside, has its own, separate switching device is the
key Q1 or Q2. As objective 1 was selected, for example,
aircraft of potential enemy. The video rays 2, the visible
sub -range (380…760 nm) or the IR -range of
electromagnetic waves reflected from target (potential
adversary) are captured and focused by external,
movable lens of adjustable collimator 3 – 4 – 5 in
receiving optical syst em of the sensor. The sensor
according to Fig. 1, consists of following elements and
units: 3 ― external, moveable, optical lens collimator
in adjustable optical monocular; 4 ― basic, stationary
(fixed), optical lens adjustable collimator; 5 ― internal,
mo vable, optical lens collimator in adjustable optical
monocular; 6 ― first, positive, laser panorama,
working on reception and transmission of laser beam in
near and partiall y on average, edge sub -bands, IR -band
of electromagnetic waves, clockwise, for exam ple, at
wavelength λ = 820 nm; 7 second, negative laser
panorama, working on reception and transmission of
laser beam in near and partially on average, edge sub -
bands, IR -band of electromagnetic waves,
counterclockwise, for example, at wavelength λ = 955
nm; 8 ― falling, laser beam coming from first laser
discovered (seen) targets; 9 ― laser beam reflected
from target and received by photo sensor (on basis of
photodiode, or c omposite, three -stage phototransistor);
10 ― incident laser beam, coming from secon d laser to
target; 11 ― laser beam reflected from target and
received by photo -sensor (photodiode or
phototransistor); 12 ― block DC (rectified) voltage
Uout._~ = 24 V; 13 ― block DC -regulator; 14 ― variable
adjusting resistor -based potentiometer RP1, for
restriction limit values of supply current to first,
positive, laser panorama 6; 15 ― variable adjusting
resistor to the base of potentiometer RP2 to limit the
limit values of supply current to second, negative, laser
panorama 7; 16 ― rectifier unit; 17 ― side chain (e.g.,
aircraft) of voltage U = 27 V; 18 ― increase button
panoramic image of goal and opponent by increasing
focal distance between collimator and sensor; 19 ―
decrease button panoramic image of target and enemy
by reducing focal length between collimator and
sensor; 20 ― computer (PC); 21 ― block of the ADC
– DAC; 22 ― monitor (screen). Diagram and working
principle of the sensor “LADOGA -1” shown in Fig. 1.
Fig. 1.
Between movable optical lenses 3 and 5 in an
adjustable collimator, computer 20 with monitor 22,
through the ADC - DAC 21, there is constantly acting
feedback (OS), for quick and efficient adjustment of
laser beam alignment process to intended tar get and
holding potential adversary in zone of optimal coverage
of telescopic direction -finding angle [2 –4].
Circular -circular head of guidance and retention of
target (for example, aircraft -plane of potential
adversary -enemy) in zone of telescopic angle d etection
50 American Scientific Journal № ( 28) / 2019
and tracking of behavior detected targets for the
semiconductor, laser diode, laser diode based on double
hetero -structure of gallium arsenide GaAs and
aluminium gallium arsenide GaAlAs or solid -state laser
pumped by powerful led or semiconductor laser dio de.
Laser homing head, detection and tracking of target is
technologically made in form of multi -layers by laser
irradiation of coherent, highly directional photon flux.
The laser beam № 1, for example, synchronously
moving in circle, radial, cloc kwise, fr om sensor to
detected target and back to the photo -detector matrix of
the sensor itself, at wavelength equal to λ 1 ≈ 820 nm.
The laser beam № 2, for example, also simultaneously
moves in circle radially, counter -clockwise from the
sensor to detect ed target and back to photo -detector
matrix of sensor itself, at wavelength equal to λ 2 ≈ 955
nm. The next stage is irradiated with laser seeker target
synchronously moving radially, clockwise or
counterclockwise, with wavelengths of λ 3 ≈
1250...1300 nm, λ 4 ≈ 1550 nm, and λ 5 ≈ 2100...2150
nm, respectively, etc. All operating frequencies and
wavelengths are selected from middle sub -bands and,
in rare case of boundary layer with λ 6 ≈ 3500...3885 nm,
middle sub -band of infrared -range electromagnetic
waves, whe re experi mentally observed maximum value
of transmission power modulated signal in telescopic
thicker laser beam [1 -10].
The sensor technologically includes dual, coupled
system of two monoculars with increase or decrease in
image of target or other object in optic al system of
adjustable collimator, for example, from 2 × to 100 ×
(2 × ≤ δ ≤ 100 ×), as well as block 50…60 Megapixel
Digital HD camcorders of the Digital Camera type and
with high level of resolution at least 3000 × 3000 pixel
[1―4].
The sensor’ s micro -panorama and convex,
volumetric monitor were made on the basis of small
copy of panorama visualization and fixation of enemy
detection and other targets, from the upgraded RLS -
300, RLS -500 and RLS -1500, successfully used in the
airborne forces, air defense forces and missile defense
systems of the Russia [ 5―10].
The optical stabilizer block for precise guidance
and horizontal -vertical position in space is made on the
basis of gyroscopic technology [2―4].
Between computer 20 and the ADC -DAC unit 21,
an OS was performed for analysis and amplitude -
frequency correction of output control pulses, which
allows the software to quickly adjust clock frequency
of control pulses coming from the ADC -DAC 21 unit
to switching gates -operating devices - keys VT1 an d /
or VT2 located inside each of first, positive and second,
negative laser panoramas 6 and 7 [2―4].
The proposed sensor operates as follows. A
session of radio direction finding of target and detection
of potential enemy is carried out under conditions o f
only direct, electromagnetic visibility, in invisible part
of spectrum transverse electromagnetic waves (most
often in infrared -range). With rare exceptions, the
ultraviolet (UV) range is possible, which is not
applicable in ozone layer of the Earth’s at mospher e,
due to strong absorption of waves by ozone medium.
The information signal is encoded by program in the
“Ladoga -1M” radio silence software package,
organizationally assembled from computer 20 and
monitor 22, by special military encryption encoder and
tra nsmitted to input, three -stage low -frequency
amplifier unit (located inside laser panoramas 6 and 7),
in which input, pre -amplifier of video signals, as well
as block of special color image encoder may also be
available. Further, radio signal from p re-inpu t bass
amplifier unit is finally transmitted to terminal, push -
pull power amplifier unit (The block is power amplifier
of the radio signal. AP -unit is also located inside the
laser panoramas 6 and 7!), where it is amplified as an
analog signal to it s maxim um nominal value multi -
channel block ADC -DAC 21, for converting latter into
digital format, necessary for generating control pulses
and their subsequent transmission to control electrode -
gates of switching devices - keys VT1 and VT2 [2 -4].
The ADC -DAC 21 unit is multichannel converter
(translator) of incoming signals from analog format to
digital and vice versa, followed by transmission to
computer 20, where input data processing programs in
digital format, Ladoga software, analyze comparison
and a mplitud e-frequency correction of control pulses
for subsequent transmission of necessary commands to
third channel (Fig. 1) [2 –4].
The analog signal comes from optical sensor of
adjustable collimator 3―4―5 to homing and target
holding unit via modulated, t elescop ic, laser beam in
infrared -range of electromagnetic waves and at same
time receives commands from an external detection and
targeting system, correction using control pulses,
coming from block of the ADC -DAC 21 [2―4].
BIBLIOGRAPHY:
1. Storoschuk O.B., Korshunov A.I. The radiation
guidance device managed object. The patent from RF
for invention RU: 2267733, Moskow: Federal Institute
Industrial and Intellectual Property of the Russian
Federation. 10.01.2006.
2. Grigoriev -Friedman S.N. Intercom “Luc h” in
optical range, in “radio silence”.// Machine builder /
Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center, № 3, 2016. P. 29 -
40.
3. Grigoriev -Friedman S. N. The mobile
communication device on basis of laser diode. //
Machine builder/ Ser. Bond, Moskow: Virage center,
№ 4, 2017. P. 39 -48.
4. Grigoriev -Friedman S. N. The mobile
communication device based on solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode. // Machine builder / Ser. Bond,
Moskow: Virage center, № 5, 2017. P. 26 -34.
5. Efremov A., Omelyanchuk A. Guardians of sky.
// Th e aerospace sector, № 3/4 (of 88/89), December
2016, Moskow: non -Departmental expert Council on
aerospace. P. 64 -68.
5. Olyghin S. The problems of optoelectronic
counter (for views of foreign military experts). //
Foreign military review, Moscow: Red St ar, № 9, 2002.
P. 35 -41.
7. Semenov A. Protection of civil aircraft from
anti -aircraft missiles. // Foreign military review,
Moscow: Red Star, № 12, 2002. P. 35.
American Scientific Journal № (2 8) / 2019 51
8. Grigoryan V.A., Yudin E.G., Terekhin I.I., etc.,
Protection tanks. / under editorship of V. A. Grigoryana.
Moscow: MSTU at N.E. Bauman, 2007, 327 p.
9. Spassky N., Ivanov S. Optoelectronic and laser
technique: an Encyclopedia of twenty -first century.
Volume 11, Moscow: Arms and technologies, 2005,
720 p.
10. Shcherbak N. Countering anti -aircraft gui ded
missiles with infrared guidance (modern side object). //
Electronics: Science. Technology . Business , Moscow :
Electronics , № 5, 2000. P. 52 -55.
UDC 539.122.2; UDC 681.586.5
ALGORITHM FOR WORKIN G THE SENSOR OF PANO RAMIC DETE CTION OBJECTIVES AND
DESTRU CTION OF ENEMY ON MO DULATED LASER BEAM I N 3D - SPACE “LADOGA -1M”
Grigoryev -Friedman Sergey Nikolayevich
Joint -stock company Research and production enterprise “Polyot”
Abstract . The article is devoted to solving the urgent task of improving the performa nce and accuracy of
bearing, detecting target and destroying potential enemy. The purpose of the work is to develop algorithm for the
operation of the sensor for panoramic target detection and destruction of enemy in th e 3D -space “LADOGA -1M”.
Аннотация . Ст атья посвящена решению актуальной задачи повышения производительности и
точности пеленга, обнаружения цели и уничтожения потенциального противника. Цель работы ―
разработка алгоритма работы датчика панорамного обнаружения цели и уничтожения противника в 3 D-
пространстве “ЛАДОГА -1М”.
Key words: algorithm, sensor; panoramic detection; destruction enemy; telescopic target coverage angle;
irradiation; modulated laser beam; optical range; radio silence mode; semiconductor laser diode; solid -state laser
pumped by laser diode; photon; electromagnetic wave; photo -sensor; phototransistor matrix; laser radiation;
wavelength; signal frequency.
Ключевые слова: датчик; панорамное обнаружение; уничтожение противника; телескопический
угол охвата цели; облучение; м одулирован ный лазерный луч; оптический диапазон; режим
радиомолчания; полупроводниковый лазерный диод; твёрдотельный лазер с накачкой лазерным диодом;
фотон; электромагнитная волна; фотодатчик; фототранзисторная матрица; лазерное излучение; длина
волны; ча стота сигн ала.
Introduction
In the technical literature [1 ―3, 7 ―12] there are
significant number of analogues containing various
types and types of laser systems for constant, round -
the -clock, all -weather tracking of satellites and special
targets of potential adv ersary both in open space and in
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, dense fog, rain,
snow, various gases, ozone and the like. All these
analogues have common drawbacks consisting in very
great complexity, bulkiness, excessive weight and
external dimen sions, incorrect operation during intense
cloud cover due to use of very powerful laser systems,
which in order to “break through” thick and optically
dense layers of the Earth’s atmosphere, ozone and other
me dia are forced to reduce the frequency, that is , to
increase length of transverse electromagnetic wave
during induced coherent emission of photons in lasers.
Thus, exact coordinates of location, length and
frequency electromagnetic wave of laser systems fo r
guiding and holding detected target and irrad iating the
potential enemy with telescopic beam, on which
modern devices are used for direction finding, target
detection and destruction of potential enemy by
modulated laser guidance beam, are obtained.
With previous methods of laser detection, tracking
and destroying target for preventive strike against
potential enemy or aggressor, huge amount of
consumed electric energy is consumed, due to which
cost of such direction finding is order of magnitude
higher t han when using classic antenna -feeder form of
direction finding. Therefore, this type of direction
finding of target and detection of potential enemy is not
very effective and not economical.
The article develops the idea of Russian scientists
in the fie ld of applied special laser technology in
aviat ion and navy, proposed for first time in the world,
in [4 ―6]. The relevance of this idea lies in the fact that
the system of laser communication, direction finding,
detection and destruction of potential enemy has been
used in open space for relatively lon g time and
successfully, but its use in dense layers of the Earth’s
atmosphere posed significant technological difficulties,
and was also little studied theoretical basis.
Analysis and recommendations for solv ing the
problem
To aim rocket at target, an int ruder or unmanned
aerial vehicle (drone - reconnaissance), special device
is used in modern air defense and missile defense
systems ― laser target designator. Such devices
include proposed sensor for panoramic target detection
and destruction of enemy by m odulated laser guidance
beam in 3D -space “Ladoga -1M”, emitting modulated
laser beam, consisting of narrow coherent photon flux.
The principle of guiding rocket or artillery shell is very
simple: a laser beam i s directed at object, which, being
reflected fr om detected target, is captured by photo -
sensors of their self -guidance head. Modulated beam ―
“holds” rocket or projectile in right direction and
ensures accurate hit in detected target. The laser beam
is received by homing missile, which sends signal to
missile control system. For effective use of preemptive
missile, target must be illuminated by laser beam for
several seconds so that homing head of missile itself